Admixture, extrudable hydraulic composition and method for the selection of admixture

ABSTRACT

A nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether is characterized in that when 3 pbw of the nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether is added to a mixture of 90 pbw of cordierite, 10 pbw of ordinary Portland cement, and 33 pbw of water, immediately followed by kneading at 20° C. and 20 rpm, a maximum torque for kneading is reached within 180 seconds from the addition. It is suitable as an admixture for extrudable hydraulic compositions. The hydraulic composition to which the inventive admixture is added can be kneaded within a brief time into a uniform mass which is smoothly extrudable.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to an admixture which enables an extrudablehydraulic composition to be kneaded into a uniform mass within a shorttime, an extrudable hydraulic composition comprising the same, and amethod for selecting a nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether suitableas the admixture.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In traditional hydraulic compositions for extrusion molding, asbestoswere used as additive fibers for facilitating extrusion into hardenedparts having surface smoothness. In the recent years, the amount ofasbestos used drastically decreased due to health considerations andlegal regulations. At present, pulp fibers are often used as thesubstitute. In unison with this tendency, nonionic water-solublecellulose ether is commonly used for the purposes of improving thedispersion of pulp fibers, enhancing strength properties andfacilitating extrusion.

As the avoidance of asbestos is in progress, the amount of nonionicwater-soluble cellulose ether used is increasing. This increases thecost of extruded parts, preventing widespread use thereof.

Extrudability depends on the solubility of a nonionic water-solublecellulose ether used. On use of a nonionic water-soluble cellulose etherhaving a slow dissolution rate, a longer time of kneading is needed orthe amount of the cellulose ether must be increased. These drawbacksalso increase the cost of extruded parts, preventing widespread usethereof.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide an admixture comprisinga nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether, which permits an extrudablehydraulic composition to be obtained by brief kneading of necessarycomponents with a reduced amount of the nonionic water-soluble celluloseether and hence, at a low cost, the composition being effectivelyextrudable into hardened parts of quality. Another object is to providean extrudable hydraulic composition comprising the admixture. A furtherobject is to provide a method for selecting a nonionic water-solublecellulose ether suitable for use as the admixture.

The inventor has found that a nonionic water-soluble cellulose etherwhich is characterized in that a maximum torque (or torque peak) forkneading at 20° C. and 20 rpm immediately after addition of the nonionicwater-soluble cellulose ether to a mixture of cordierite, ordinaryPortland cement, and water is reached within 180 seconds from theaddition is effective as an admixture; that an extrudable hydrauliccomposition to which the admixture is added can be finished by briefkneading of necessary components, even with a reduced amount of thenonionic water-soluble cellulose ether; and that this hydrauliccomposition can be uniformly and smoothly extruded into hardened partswith a satisfactory outer appearance.

The inventor made a study on the nonionic water-soluble cellulose etherwhich when added as an admixture to a hydraulic composition forextrusion, can render the composition effectively extrudable and impartsurface smoothness to extruded parts thereof. One common method ofevaluating extrudability and extrudate properties involves mixing aceramic, typically cordierite with a small amount of ordinary Portlandcement and water, adding a conventional amount of a cellulose etherthereto, kneading the mixture, extruding the mixture, and examining theease of extrusion and the state of extruded parts. More particularly,100 parts by weight of a blend of 90 parts by weight of cordierite and10 parts by weight of ordinary Portland cement is mixed with 33 parts byweight of water, and 3 parts by weight of a cellulose ether is added tothe mixture. Immediately thereafter, the ingredients are kneaded at 20°C. and 20 rpm while a torque needed for kneading is measured. Thecellulose ether is evaluated to help kneading complete within a shorttime when the time taken until a maximum torque or torque peak isreached is fully short, typically within 180 seconds, from immediatelyafter the addition of cellulose ether. When a hydraulic composition iskneaded and extruded using such a nonionic water-soluble cellulose etherwhich enables brief kneading, extrusion can be carried out withoutfailures such as meander and breakage, and extruded parts havingimproved surface smoothness are available. The present invention ispredicated on this finding.

Accordingly, the present invention in one aspect provides an admixturefor extrudable hydraulic compositions, comprising a nonionicwater-soluble cellulose ether which is characterized in that when 3parts by weight of the nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether is addedto a mixture of 90 parts by weight of cordierite, 10 parts by weight ofordinary Portland cement, and 33 parts by weight of water, and theingredients are kneaded at 20° C. and 20 rpm immediately thereafter, amaximum torque for kneading is reached within 180 seconds from theaddition.

An extrudable hydraulic composition comprising the admixture is alsoprovided.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method forselecting a nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether suitable for use asan admixture for extrudable hydraulic compositions, comprising the stepsof adding 3 parts by weight of a nonionic water-soluble cellulose etherto a mixture of 90 parts by weight of cordierite, 10 parts by weight ofordinary Portland cement, and 33 parts by weight of water; immediatelythereafter kneading the ingredients at 20° C. and 20 rpm; measuring atime taken until a maximum torque for kneading is reached; and judgingthe nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether to be suitable when the timetaken until a maximum torque is reached is within 180 seconds from theaddition.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing how the kneading torque changes as anonionic water-soluble cellulose ether is dissolved.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The admixture of the invention for extrudable hydraulic compositions isdefined as comprising a nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether.

The nonionic water-soluble cellulose ethers which can be used hereininclude alkyl celluloses, hydroxyalkyl celluloses, and hydroxyalkylalkyl celluloses. Illustrative examples include, but are not limited to,methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl ethyl celluloseand hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.

Among these, an appropriate nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether isselected which is characterized in that when 3 parts by weight of thenonionic water-soluble cellulose ether is added to a mixture of 90 partsby weight of cordierite, 10 parts by weight of ordinary Portland cement,and 33 parts by weight of water, immediately followed by kneading at 20°C. and 20 rpm, a maximum torque or torque peak for kneading is reachedwithin 180 seconds from immediately after the addition. When anadmixture comprising an appropriate nonionic water-soluble celluloseether is used in a hydraulic composition, it becomes possible tocomplete kneading of the hydraulic composition within a short time, evenwith a reduced amount of nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether, toprovide a uniform hydraulic composition amendable to extrusion. The timetaken until a maximum torque or torque peak is reached is preferablywithin 120 seconds, and more preferably within 60 seconds. If the timetaken until a maximum torque is reached exceeds 180 seconds, thekneading time must be markedly extended due to substantially retardeddissolution, which is inconvenient for practical manufacture.

The time taken until a maximum torque or torque peak is reached isdefined below. An experiment is carried out by using Labo PlastomillModel 30C150 (Toyo Seiki Seisaku-sho, Ltd.) equipped with a mixer havingan internal volume of 60 cm³ and a sigma shape blade S90B, feeding asample to the mixer, adjusting the temperature of the mixer and thesample at 20° C., kneading the sample at 20 rpm, and measuring a timepassed until a torque peak is reached. The sample used was prepared bypreviously thoroughly mixing 63 g of ready-mixed cordierite AF-2 (MarusuYuyaku Goshi Kaisha) and 7 g of ordinary Portland cement, adding 23.1 gof water thereto, thoroughly mixing and granulating the mixture, andadding 2.1 g of a nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether thereto. Thethus prepared sample is kneaded in the mixer under the above-describedconditions immediately after the addition of nonionic water-solublecellulose ether. From a profile of kneading torque change, a peak timeis determined. A zone of the profile where the torque rises correspondsto the duration when the nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether is beingswollen and dissolved while absorbing water, and a torque peak developsas a peak of partial dissolution. As dissolution proceeds further,plasticity is imparted to the kneaded mass and accordingly, the kneadingtorque decreases again. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a profile ofkneading torque measured for the cellulose ether used in Example 2.

Preferably, the nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether has an aeratedbulk density of 0.2 to 0.65 g/cm³, more preferably 0.2 to 0.4 g/cm³.Also preferably, the nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether has aviscosity of 1,000 to 50,000 mPa·s, more preferably 1,500 to 50,000mPa·s, most preferably 3,000 to 50,000 mPa·s, as measured in a 1 wt %aqueous solution at 20° C. by a Brookfield viscometer at 12 rpm.

The nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether used herein is obtainable byproperly selecting the type, substitution degree, bulk density,viscosity, average particle size, particle size distribution and otherparameters of cellulose ether.

On use, the admixture of the invention comprising the nonionicwater-soluble cellulose ether, especially consisting of the nonionicwater-soluble cellulose ether alone or as a mixture of two or more isadded to an extrudable hydraulic composition. The amount of theadmixture added (the total amount of nonionic water-soluble celluloseethers) is an amount necessary to permit the hydraulic composition to beextruded, usually 0.1 to 2.0% by weight based on the entire componentsof the extrudable hydraulic composition excluding water, preferably 0.2to 2.0% by weight and more preferably 0.2 to 1.5% by weight.

If necessary, another water-soluble polymer may be used along with theadmixture of the invention for extrudable hydraulic compositions.Examples of other water-soluble polymers include partially saponifiedpolyvinyl alcohol, modified starch, polyethylene oxide, wellan gum, andpolyacrylamide.

The extrudable hydraulic composition of the invention contains theadmixture defined above as well as conventional components such ashydraulic substances, aggregates, lightweight aggregates, andreinforcing fibers.

The hydraulic substances that harden in the presence of water includecement and gypsum. Cements include ordinary Portland cement,early-strength cement, blast furnace slag cement, fly-ash cement andalumina cement. Gypsum-based hydraulic substances include primarily thedehydrate, hemihydrate and anhydride forms of gypsum. The content ofcement or gypsum-based hydraulic substances is not critical and may beset as needed to achieve the required strength.

Powdered silica and fly ash are typical aggregates. Besides, lightweightaggregates are used when weight reduction is desired, and includeperlite, hollow microspheres, and styrene beads. Whether the aggregateis ordinary or lightweight, it is combined with the hydraulic substanceso that the desired properties are achievable. The hydraulic substanceand the aggregate are used in a weight ratio of from 10:90 to 100:0.

Reinforcing fibers are also useful in the hydraulic compositions. Atpresent, pulp fibers that eliminate a concern about carcinogenicitybecome a substitute for asbestos and are widely used. In the practice ofthe invention, pulp fibers are advantageously used. Pulp fibers includefibers of virgin pulp, recycled paper pulp, and pulps originating fromconifer and broadleaf woods, having an average length of about 200 to2,000 μm. Polypropylene, vinylon and acrylic fibers are also useful.From the fire resistance and other standpoints, fibers are preferablyused in amounts of 1 to 10 parts by weight provided that the total ofthe entire components of the hydraulic composition excluding water is100 parts by weight.

If necessary, setting accelerators and retarders, and surface activeagents such as water-reducing agents and dispersing agents are used.These agents are effective for managing the physical properties of afresh hydraulic composition immediately after mixing of components withwater. Any agent meeting a particular purpose may be added in aconventional amount.

To the hydraulic composition of the invention, water is added. Theamount of water is conventional though it is determined in accordancewith the type of hydraulic composition or the like. Water is preferablyused in amounts of 20 to 80 parts by weight provided that the total ofthe entire components of the hydraulic composition excluding water is100 parts by weight.

The hydraulic composition of the invention is obtainable by mixing andkneading the aforementioned components in a conventional manner. Thehydraulic composition thus obtained is formed and hardened into ahardened body by an extrusion molding or suitable method.

EXAMPLES

Examples of the invention and comparative examples are provided toillustrate the invention, and are not intended to limit the scopethereof.

Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1

Extrudable cement-based compositions formulated as shown in Table 2below were prepared from the following materials.

-   -   (1) Cement: ordinary Portland cement    -   (2) Silica: sifted silica powder    -   (3) Pulp: virgin pulp having an average fiber length of 0.8 mm    -   (4) Perlite: average particle size 0.8 mm    -   (5) Water-soluble cellulose ether: Four samples of methyl        cellulose were furnished. The time of torque peak upon        dissolution in Labo Plastomill and viscosity of these samples        are shown in Table 1. The torque peak time was measured by the        procedure described above.

TABLE 1 Torque peak time and viscosity of water-soluble cellulose etherTorque peak time Viscosity of 1 wt % aqueous solution Sample No. (sec)(mPa · s) 1 20 2,000 2 54 12,800 3 171 5,400 4 205 7,200

The above materials other than water were mixed for 3 minutes in aHenschel mixer, and the prescribed amount of water was added.Immediately thereafter, the mixture was worked 4 minutes in a 10-literkneader-extruder, then extruded in vacuum. The parts extruded through adie of 6×75 mm profile were examined for extrudability and surfacesmoothness. The test results are shown in Table 2.

The evaluation criteria of these tests are shown below.

Extrudability: Visually Observed

-   -   ◯: no meander nor breakage    -   X: meander or breakage        Surface Smoothness: Visual Observation and Hand Feel    -   ◯: no apparent asperities, not rough to the feel    -   Δ: few apparent asperities, but rough to the feel    -   X: apparent asperities

TABLE 2 Materials Example Comparative (pbw) 1 2 3 Example 1 Cement 45 4545 45 Silica powder 30 30 30 30 Pulp 5 5 5 5 Perlite 20 20 20 20Cellulose ether No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 Cellulose ether amount 1.2 1.21.2 1.2 Water 45 45 45 45 Results Extrudability ◯ ◯ ◯ X (broken) Surfacesmoothness ◯ ◯ ◯ —

As is evident from Table 2the hydraulic compositions of Examples wereeffectively extrudable into hardened products having improved surfacesmoothness after the reasonable time of kneading. In contrast, thehydraulic composition of Comparative Example 1 was broken upon extrusionbecause of insufficient dissolution of the nonionic water-solublecellulose ether within the reasonable time.

The hydraulic composition to which a suitable amount of the inventiveadmixture is added can be kneaded within a brief time, obtaining auniform kneaded mass which is smoothly extrudable.

Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-076058 is incorporated herein byreference.

Although some preferred embodiments have been described, manymodifications and variations may be made thereto in light of the aboveteachings. It is therefore to be understood that the invention may bepracticed otherwise than as specifically described without departingfrom the scope of the appended claims.

1. An admixture for extrudable hydraulic compositions, comprising a nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether which is characterized in that when 3 parts by weight of the nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether is added to a mixture of 90 parts by weight of cordierite, 10 parts by weight of ordinary Portland cement, and 33 parts by weight of water, thereby producing a test mixture and when the test mixture is immediately kneaded at 20° C. and 20 rpm in a device whose kneading-torque is measured, the maximum kneading-torque is reached within 180 seconds.
 2. The admixture of claim 1 wherein the nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether is at least one nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether selected from the group consisting of alkyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose and hydroxyalkyl alkyl cellulose.
 3. An extrudable hydraulic composition comprising the admixture of claim 1 and a hydraulic substance.
 4. An extrudable hydraulic composition comprising: (A) a nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether which is characterized in that when 3 parts by weight of the nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether is added to a mixture of 90 parts by weight of cordierite, 10 parts by weight of ordinary Portland cement, and 33 parts by weight of water, thereby producing a test mixture and when the test mixture is immediately kneaded at 20° C. and 20 rpm in a device whose kneading-torque is measured, the maximum kneading-torque is reached within 180 seconds; (B) cordierite; and (C) Portland cement.
 5. The extrudable hydraulic composition of claim 3 further comprising an aggregate. 